How to not show image in blog post listing

Ah! I’ve figured it out! Just for future reference for anyone looking at this post later on, in blog-list-item.html.twig under templates/partials, I changed the following lines

 <div class="card-body">
        {% if page.summary != page.content %}
            {{ page.summary|raw }}
        {% else %}
            {{ page.content|raw }}
        {% endif %}
    </div>

to

<div class="card-body">
        {% if page.summary != page.content %}
            {{ page.summary()|regex_replace('/<img.*>/','') }}
        {% else %}
            {{ page.content()|regex_replace('/<img.*>/','') }}
        {% endif %}
    </div>

The page.content and page.summary variables return the HTML markup of the page in question and then the |regex_replace() filters the markup per the regex expression provided. Doing page.summary and page.content makes sure that no matter if an image is in the defined summary or an implicit summary is taken, it won’t show up in a page listing. Isn’t Twig great?
Thanks @bleutzinn for the link, pointed me exactly where to go.

Also as a side note, not sure if it made a huge difference, but I had to turn off caching and gzip when testing to get it to work.